The photon and its strings

Forces of Nature by Kelland Terry, Ph.D.

My model for the photon is quite similar to my model for the electron. I believe the photon is divided into two spheres by gravitons that encircle the photon much like a fishing line wound around a reel. One sphere ejects magnon and electon virtual particles composed of n-goo and the other sphere emits magnon and electon virtual particles composed of s-goo. Because the portals for gravitons arise between the two spheres, all gravitons are composed of various amounts of n-goo and s-goo such that no two gravitons are identical. Gravitons are also created in the same time frames; however, I propose that the retraction of gravitons requires several string cycles. During any one string cycle, all strings are created in the same time frame. Up to this point, the photon and its string cycles are identical to the electron. However there are major differences in the ratio of strings created.

In the previous blog, we saw that photons actually have two distinct string cycles. In one cycle free n-magnons are created and in the next cycle free s-magnons are created. Free electons vary in the same manner. The model holds that the combined mass and energy of the strings created on one sphere is identical to the mass and energy of strings created on the other sphere. Free strings never become bound to their complementary twin. The creation of the photon’s free strings is shown in the following illustration.


My model for the self induction of the force fields is discussed in the next blog. Till then be safe and in good health. Kelland—www.vestheory.com

Photon has two string cycles

The Forces of Nature by Kelland Terry, Ph.D.
In contrast to the electron, a photon has two string cycles for every oscillation cycle, whereas the electron has just one. The photon’s string cycles are shown in the following illustration:



My model for the structure of a photon and self inducing string cycles is described in the next blog. Till then be safe and in good health. Kelland—www.vestheory.com

Atom oscillation frequency determines photon frequency

The Forces of Nature by Kelland Terry, Ph.D.

As explained in the previous blog, the atom’s electrons and quarks have the same string cycle frequency because the two subatomic particles are connected by elastic strings.

The oscillation frequency of the photons emitted by atoms during photon emission increases if the atom’s frequency of oscillation is raised. This means atoms not only emit visible light, as previously discussed, but other photons as well depending on the oscillation frequency of the atom. This makes it possible for a radio station transmitting antenna to emit radio wave photons with different frequencies. This is accomplished by controlling the oscillation frequency of the atoms with an electric current.

We might imagine that a quark spinning on its axis assimilates some of the proton’s elastic goo, which becomes available to be ejected as a photon. Ejection only takes place when the velocity of the quark is suddenly accelerated, which in turn rapidly increases its spin angular momentum. The faster the acceleration, the larger the mass ejected as a photon.

As explained previous, the photon ejected by a quark is captured by an electron in orbit about the proton. The electron moves to an outer orbit because of an increase in spin angular momentum. This is an unstable state and the electron emits this photon or one of less mass and moves to an inner orbit. In the case of the radio wave transmitter oscillating at low frequency, the photon emitted is a small radio wave.

It is likely that ejection takes place shortly after the beginning of the string cycle when the goo inside the quark is at its densest state and a new string cycle is commencing. At this point in time the conserved potential energy in the condensed goo is greatest.

Photons come from mass not energy

The Forces of Nature by Kelland Terry, Ph.D.
A burning fire gives off many different colors because there are many different hot atoms involved, and each one gives off its own distinct pattern. It is important to note that photon emission involves the whole atom, not just the electrons in orbit about the protons.

An electric light bulb with a tungsten filament is an extreme case of photon emission. A 100 watt light bulb burns for about 1000 hours. The photons emitted by the light bulb during its life time far exceeds the light put out by a pile of burning logs. It can be shown that the electrons in the tungsten filament, including those flowing as part of the electric current, have insufficient mass to account for the mass of the photons emitted by the light bulb. It seems there are two possibilities. First, it might be imagined that the energy of the moving electrons is converted to mass, which is then emitted as photons we see as visible light. The second possibility is that quarks inside the nucleus of the atom convert some of the mass of the atom into photons, which are then passed to the electrons in orbit. The electrons would then become unstable, move to an outer orbit, and emit photons that we see as visible light.

Let’s examine the first possibility. To me, it is inconceivable that energy, which is a mathematical concept, can be converted to mass. In the case of a fluorescent light bulb, the highly energetic electrons boiling off the end of the electrodes jostle the mercury atoms inside the tube, which give off photons. The free electrons entering the tube do not emit light even though they are being jostled about by the AC current.

The second possibility does not require mass to be created from energy, and the mass of the tungsten atom would only have to be depleted a very small, insignificant percentage to account for the mass of all the photons created by a tungsten filament during its life time. A quark spinning inside a proton would be jostled and energized by the electric current. Under these conditions, it is visualized that a quark spinning on its axis would incorporate some of the mass of the proton into photons which it would then pass on to the electrons in orbit about the proton. This would increase the angular momentum of the electron and cause it to move to an outer orbit where it is less stable. Eventually it would emit the photon, and we would see it as visible light. The reverse of this process would allow exogenous photons to be incorporated back into the nucleus of the tungsten atom, which would restore its mass.

Passage of photons between quarks and electrons would be facilitated because both would be going through their string cycles in the same time frame because the two are connected by elastic strings. P-electons emanating from protons (quarks) become bound to e-electons emanating from electrons in orbit about the protons, which pulls the two string cycles into synchrony.

I have presented this subject to explain that it is not necessary to believe in the conversion of mass to energy and vise versa to explain photon emission. Kelland—www.vestheory.com

Source of photons

The Forces of Nature by Kelland Terry, Ph.D

We have already seen that sun light comes from preexisting mass during fusion processes on our Sun. Let’s examine some observations here on Earth.

Scientists know that electrons absorb photons. When this occurs, the electron moves to an outer orbit as it circles the proton. This is an unstable position, and the electron immediately ejects a photon of the same frequency or one of less frequency. In this scenario the electron is merely acting on a preexisting photon from some exogenous source.

Photons are also created when atoms are heated. Burning fires and electric light bulbs are good examples. In the case of a light bulb with a tungsten filament, the filament is raised to 2000 degrees centigrade, which causes it to emit light. This source of light is referred to as photon emission.

The light emitted when an atom is heated to a high temperature is specific for a specific atom. In practice, the photons emitted by a hot gas are examined in a spectroscope. This instrument records the frequency of the light given off by the gas. Each gas has its own spectral pattern. A few spectral examples were borrowed and slightly modified from Wikipedia.


The question is where do these photons come from? This is the subject of my next blog.

Einstein’s dilemma

The Forces of Nature by Kelland Terry, Ph.D.

The most fundamental equation that forms the basis of Einstein’s special theory of relativity was actually derived by Hendrik Lorentz in 1892 to explain the Michelson-Morley experiment that was carried out a few years earlier. The Michelson-Morley experiment had to do with the invariant nature of the speed of light. This is a wonderful story that I will come back to at a later date.

Einstein’s use of the Lorentz equation led him to this conclusion:



Let v be the velocity of any particle and c the velocity of light. If the particle is traveling at the speed of light, then the lower part of the equation becomes zero and the flight mass is infinite. This is a no no, which caused Einstein to conclude that a photon traveling at the speed of light has no mass.

Now we see why physicists who believe in the special theory of relativity are so concerned over the reported findings that neutrinos with known mass travel faster than the speed of light. And now you can better appreciate why I have presented numerous experiments and lines of evidence that show photons have mass while in flight.

We know that photons arriving here from the Sun come from preexisting mass; however, there are other sources of photons. We will begin this discussion in my next blog. Till then be safe and in good health. Kelland—www.vestheory.com

If elastic strings have mass, photons have mass.

The Forces of Nature by Kelland Terry, Ph.D.

Photons create elastic strings. If the elastic strings created have mass, then surely photons have mass. I will only summarize the observations here.

• Diffraction experiments provide strong evidence that magnons and electons have
mass.
• Spinning table tennis balls are deflected by magnetic fields, showing us
magnons have mass.
• Spinning table tennis balls are deflected in a pure vacuum showing us that
gravitons have mass.
• Particle-wave duality can be explained if elastic strings have mass.
• The wave properties of electrons in orbit about protons can be explained if
electons and magnons have mass.
• Mercury’s precession can be explained if gravitons have mass.
• Earth’s polar wobble on axis can be explained if gravitons have mass.
• Tilt of a planet on its axis can be explained if gravitons have mass.
• Venus’ slow spin rate can be explained if gravitons have mass.
• Transfer of momentum from inner body to satellite can be explained if
gravitons have mass.

All the evidence shows that elastic strings have mass, and because elastic strings emanate from photons, common sense tells us that photons have mass. Kelland—www.vestheory.com